Learn About Homonyms and See Examples

Homonyms are two or more words that have the same sound or spelling but differ in meaning. Adjectives: homonymic and homonymous. Generally, the term homonym refers both to homophones (words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings, such as pair and pear or roll and role) and to homographs (words that are spelled the same but have different meanings, such as bow your head and tied in a bow). Note that some dictionaries and textbooks define and distinguish these three terms in different ways. Some equate homonyms only with homophones (words that sound the same). Others equate homonymns only with homographs (words that look the same). See the observations below by Tom McArthur and David Rothwell. Also see Homophones and Homographs: An American Dictionary, 4th ed., by James B. Hobbs (McFarland Company, 2006). Pronunciation   HOM-i-nims Etymology From the Greek, same name Examples and Observations Mine is a long and sad tale! said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and sighing.It is a long tail, certainly, said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouses tail; but why do you call it sad?(Lewis Carroll, Alices Adventures in Wonderland)Your children need your presence more than your presents.(Jesse Jackson)I enjoy bass fishing and playing the bass guitar.The groups lead singer carried a lead pipe for protection.His death, which happend in his berth,At forty-odd befell:They went and told the sexton, andThe sexton tolld the bell.(Thomas Hood, Faithless Sally Brown)Attend your Church, the parson cries:To church each fair one goes;The old go there to close their eyes,The young to eye their clothes.Mae Maebe Funke: Do you guys know where I could get one of those gold T-shaped pendants?Michael: Thats a cross.Mae Maebe Funke: Across from where?(Alia Shawkat and Jason Bateman in Arrested Development) Homonymy A case of homonymy is one of an ambiguous word whose different senses are far apart from each other and not obviously related to each other in any way with respect to a native speakers intuition. Cases of homonymy seem very definitely to be matters of mere accident or coincidence. (James R. Hurford, Brendan Heasley, and Michael B. Smith, Semantics: A Coursebook, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2007) Three Kinds of Homonyms There are three kinds [of homonyms]: those that sound and look alike (bank a slope, bank a place for money, and bank a bench or row of switches); homophones, that sound alike but do not look alike (coarse, course); and homographs, that look alike but do not sound alike (the verb lead, the metal lead). . . . There are over 3,000 homographs in the Concise Oxford Dictionary (8th edition, 1990). (Tom McArthur, Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992) Homographs and Homophones The reason that there is confusion and a lack of clarity over homonym is that it is closely related to two other words, homograph and homophone. I shall, therefore, define these words first. It is possible for a word to be a homograph or a homophone. However, whatever the word may be, it is also, by definition, a homonym. In other words, homonym is a conceptual word that embraces both homographs and homophones. . . . [H]omonym is just the collective noun for homograph and homophone. (David Rothwell, Dictionary of Homonyms. Wordsworth, 2007) A homograph is a word that is spelled identically to another word but none the less has a different meaning and probably a different origin. You will doubtless be annoyed if you tear your trousers while climbing over a fence. Indeed, you may be so upset that you shed a tear. As you can see, tear and tear are spelled identically, but they are pronounced differently and have entirely different meanings. They are good examples of a homograph. Many homographs are not even pronounced differently. Thus the word hide sounds exactly the same whether you are talking about the skin of an animal, a measure of land or the verb meaning to conceal or keep out of sight. A homophone is a word that sounds exactly like another word  but has a different meaning and a different spelling. If you stand on the stair and stare at the picture, you have a good example of a couple of homophones. . . . The Lighter Side of Homonyms Secret-keeping is a complicated endeavor. One has to be concerned not only about what one says, but about facial expressions, autonomic reflexes. When I try to deceive, I myself have more nervous tics than a Lyme disease research facility. [pause] Its a joke. It relies on the homonymic relationship between tick, the blood-sucking arachnid, and tic, the involuntary muscular contraction. I made it up myself. (Jim Parsons as Sheldon Cooper in The Bad Fish Paradigm. The Big Bang Theory, 2008) Test your knowledge by taking this  Commonly Confused Words Quiz

Management Accounting, Chartered Institute Of Management...

Introduction of management accountant Roles are different for management and Management accountant. Same person could do both, but the roles will completely differ. Thus, Management accountants support all the decisions made by the managers. They can mix up their roles that they have daily across the departments and multiple functions. In addition, it includes working for branches of companies that are located in other countries and preparing non-financial and financial work. Achieving an organisations strategic goals are vital, all the decisions made by management accountants has a huge impact to help them achieve their goal. Management accountant used to only provide, process and collect information during the year 1950. For management accounting, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) is one of the world’s major professional bodies. Today’s management accountant’s role are as follows: formulating business strategy, conducting internal business audits, monitoring financial control, monitor spending and to explain the impact of the financial outcome of business decisions and the landscape of competitors. Skill-set of today’s management accounting are as follows: communication, planning, risk, analysis and strategy. Communication is vital as it is used to explain quantitative information to non-financial managers. For planning and budget; accounting technique is applied. Risk is managed and identified. Business strategy is formulated to create value andShow MoreRelatedChartered Accountant1097 Words   |  5 PagesA CA (Chartered Accountant) is a professional accountant who has earned the CA title through training and practical experience obtained from the CICA (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants). 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Internet Hackers Essay Example For Students

Internet Hackers Essay kaygusuz1It is the weekend you have nothing to do so you decide to play around on your computer . You turn it and than start up , calling people with your modem , conneciting to another world with people. This is all fine but what happens when you start getting into other peoples computer files , then it becomes a crime and who are the criminals. To begin i will start with hacking and hackers. Hacking is the act of breaking into computers and network of other poeples with out any permission . Hacking is like drugs or any other substance , its an addiction for the mind and once started it is diffucult to stop . Hacker is a person who enjoy learning details of a programming language or system , who tries to break into computer systems .There is two types of hackers. On is the benign hackers , who likes get into his or her own computer and understand how it works . The malicious hackers is the person who likes getting into other peoples system . Black hat is used to discribe a hacker who break into a computer system or network with malicious intent . Unlike white hat , the black hat takes advantage of the break in perhaps destroying files or stealing data for some future purpose. White hat hackers describes a hacker who identifies a security weakness in a computer system or network but instead of taking malicious advantage of it . They will allow the systems owners to fix it before can be taken advantage by others . But U.S law does not see differences between black hat hacker and white hat hacker. Many of the poeple in our society today often think that computer hackers are very smart individuals who have special talents and abilities and enabiling them to crack passwords ,send viruses , cancel your cable tv , raid your social security and crash computer systems. Most people in our society do not spend the time to break into computer systems but all studies indicate that hackers are genarlly young and not haave full time jobs or own propertykaygusuz2They have so much time and energy to break into computers. Hackers learn hacking from reading different kind of computer books , they find many available tools on the internet , they spend so much time on the computer to learn the techniques of hacking . Some of the hackers hack for to gain highest prestige within the comunity. Some of them hack just for fun, more they hack more fun they have . Hacking is j ust another way to recieve a build up of adranaline in the body. They also gain great deal of power from learning confidential information. Hacking involves accumulation of knowledge which is accompanied by the greater status and power . Some of the hackers say that they only punish people an companies that they do not like and to show weakness of companies which have poor security. Some feel that if they put others down they will elevate to higher level. Most of the young hackers do not know the implication of what they are doing , they do not consider that if they do get into a system and start to hack they could costs the company thousands millions of dollars. Every computer proffesionals have made mistakes thatr has caused the loss of data , service and money but some hackers have never been in real situation to understand this issue. These people are displaying situational morailtiy. Many professionals argue that the cause why hackers hack is about the same as any other criminal. It mostly has to deal with their familes and friends and the enviroment they grew up in. I agree with professionals at this point and y belive that the issue goes back to how they are raised . I am not saying that these people have bad parents . I think that while parents go around telling their children not to use drugs or any other substance , to study hard in school, probably they do not their children not to break other peoples computer systems or hacking is bad and illegal. Information security professions must be more visible in a way that set children before the hackers community sets them . They get together to teach children about hacking before somebody else does. kaygusuz3 Some hackers are not really terrorist in a way they help companies find out flows in their systems. And real hackers do not delete or destroy any information on the system they hack. Best hackers end up with high-paying security consulting jobs because of their expertise. Hackers may use any types of systems to access information depending on way they intend on doing in the system. The methods hackers use attack your machine or network are fairly simple. If hacker experienced and smart he will use telnet to access shell on other machine so that the risk of cought is lower than doing it using their onw system. A hacker scan vulnerable system by using a demon dialer which will redial a number repeatedly until a connection is made. Or use wardialer , is an application that uses a modem to dial thousands random phone numbers to find another modem connected to a computer. Hackers also use the Net to share lists of vulnerable IP addresses- the unique location of internet connected computers with unpatched security holes. Once hacker find a machine , he uses a hacker tool such as Whistler to identify in less than a second what operating system the machine is using and whether any unpatched holes exist in it . Whistler also provide a list of exploits the hacker can use to take advantage of these holes. Once hacker crack into a system , his next goal is to get root , or give himself the highest level of access on the machine. The hacker can use little-known commands to get or can search the documents in the system s hard drive for a file or e-mail message that contains the system adminstrators password. Hacker can create legistimate user account and log in whenever he wants without attracting attention. He can also alter or delete system logs to erase any evidence such as command lines that he gained access to the system. Software always has bugs , system adminstrators and programmers can never eliminate all possible software vulnerabilities. Hackers find a hole to break in. Hackers also crach kaygusuz4 passwords. Cracking password is coming very easy to hackers because most of the people use the names of themselves , their children , pet or car model as their passwords. so smart hackers easily crack their passwords. Or hacker use a program that will try every possible word in the dictionary. hacker usually have a copy of the english dictionary as well as foreign language dictionaries for this purpose. Hackers main goals is to hide evidence of the attacks and make sure they can get back in again. One of the other main attcak is DOS attacks but do not involve breaking into a system or network unusable. It can be local or network based and have always been diffucult to defend against. A firewall (is a program which stops other connection s from different servers to the firewall server) can not prevent all of these attacks because some of the attacks are outside the firewall and they are all diffucult to distinquish from normal traffic.The effects of these attacks were to make sites i naccessible such as yahoo. Hackers always find hole in every security systems and they get what they want , they can travel through the internet without restriciton. One of the hackers who was situated in an east coast brokage house wa interested in the stocks market so he purchased 100,000 dollars worth of shares in the stock market. Then he hacked into stocks markets main computer and stole 80 million dollars.The hacker was cought although 53 million dollars was not recoveredThe homepage of United States Air Force was recently hacked and the contents had been changed . The webpage has been changed completly as the hacker had inserted pornographic pitures saying tihs is what are we doing to you and had under the image screwing you. The hackers have changed it and shown their views on the political system .Kevin Mitnick who broke into a North America Air Defence command computer , Kevin Paulsen who cracked goverment and milatary systems of America. Another major hack which was com mitted was by a 16 year old boy in Europe. This boy hacked into the British Airforce kaygusuz5and downloaded confidential information on Ballistic missiles. Security experts agree that the best way to combat these attacks is simply with better security practices or not having connected to the internet. Automotive Fuel Vehicles EssayI tihnk the truth of the matter is everyone has their own hacker ethics. No one plans to arrested but the hackers have several rules that they apply when they are arrested.They do not try to convince the officer of their innocence it is useless. Because they do not care hackers are innocent or not . It is the job of the judge or jury to free hackers if he is right . Hackers must keep quite because police will ask questions. Don not give permission to search anywhere. If law enforcement ask , it probably means they do ont believe they have the right to search and need your consent. If the police are searching your home or computer do not look at the places you wish they would not search . Do not react to the search at all , and especially not to questions like who does this belongs to Hackers do not belive what kaygusuz11the police tell them in order to get them talk. The law permits them to lie to a suspect in order to get him to make admission. For example they will seperate two firends who have ben arrested and tell the first one that second one sequea led on him. The first one then sequeals on the second though in the truth second one never said anything . If at home , never invite the police inside nor should you step outside. If the police believe you have committed a felony , they usually need an arrest warrant to go into your home to arrest you. Probably they have not got warrant to enter or to arrest you in your home. And if the hacker arrested outside their home do not accept any offers to let him go inside to get dressed , change their clothes , get jacket , call your wife or any other reason. The police will of cource escort you inside and then search everywhere they want without any warrant . I give some information in my research paper about hacking , hackers and about their world I try to understand who are the hackers , how their mentality work and their lifestyle and also goverment regulations against these smart indivuduals. Ynformation security professions must be more visible in a way that get children before the hackers community gets them . They get together to teach parents and schools and also they must teach children about hacking and hackers before somebody else does. And also goverment takes to find a way to stop hackers. If the goverment does not hurry up they are going to get buried by hackers and when that happens the world will not be a fun places to live in and aslo the cyberspace. kaygusuz12 WORK CYTED Cert Coordination Center Computer Crime in todays Society Retrieved: November 10, 2000 from the World Wide Web:http:// www.cert.org//Choas Computer Club ( januvary 05 , 1995 ) Hacker Bible The New Hackers Dictionary ( online education )Retrieved November 10 , 2000 from the Worl Wide Web A non-technical artical from business web zine about Distrbuted Denial Service Attacks:http://www.cert.org/advisories /Ca-99-17-denial-of-service-tools.htmlTool from the FBIs National Infrastructure Protection Center :http://www.nipc.gov/The Criminal Heroes Of Cyberspace And Law That Apply Against Their AttacksThe internet is one of the newest form and effective tools of technology. The world would be lost without it. Millions of people would be using the internet to share information , make new association and communicate. From individuals and students to businesses and journalist using the internet to share information. The internet would allow people to send and receive data , notes , messages , documents , pictures. But there is considerable drawback of the internet . The problem is hackers , they have tremendous knowledge on the subject and use it to steal confidential informaiton for the sake of fun or profit and they use computer technology as a weapon. It is called cyber terrorism , they threat the global security.People who are responsible from their informaiton security on the internet try to improve their systems , find new ways to protect their informaitons against hackers. But hackers are still making trouble and breaking in the computer systems. Hacking is presenting problems for companies , universities and law-enforcement officials in every industry country. Why do hackers go through all the trouble to do what they do ? Why they spend so much of their time and energy accomplishing these feats of techonlogical wizadary ? What is the cause that turns those mostly above-avarage intelligent people to purpose a criminal career , and destroy their otherwise very succesful career ? why do hey commit these computer related crimes as an obession. What they want ? I try to find answers to these questions. Information on hacking and hackers can be found in several popular magazines and through web sources. However , it is hard to find books on hacking and hackers available at libraries. I will mainly use the internet and it will play the biggest part in my paper. I will use popular search engines , online journals and magazines, and databases to conduct my internet research. Once all the source are gathered i will carefully read through each one and highlight significant parts that will be used in the research paper. The Criminal Heroes Cyberspace And Law That Apply Against their AttacksIntroductionI The nightmares of our computer and their mentalityA Who are hackers and reasons for their attacksB How they hack the systems II Preventive systems that apply to the hackers and rules of hackingA U.S.A goverment precoution against hackersB Hackers ethics and their defence against US law Conclusion

One week from date free essay sample

I will also be using her support hours to do the weekly food shop. Plan: Action When carried out Feedback/complete choose a cooking session One week from date of care plan 22/02/201 3 Attend a food safety awareness course 25/02/201 3 Have support at cooking session Ongoing Practice skills from cooking session in my home 25/03/201 3 Independent in attending cooking session Independent in cooking at home Miss Smith has made the plan with me and is aware of the stages which she must complete. Miss Smith is aware she will be going on a food safety wariness course and is also aware that it will be regularly updated With any changes.There is a feedback section for Miss Smith and care worker to fill out along the way or when they feel a step has been completed. This is an opportunity for Miss Smith to record any concerns or positives and the same for supporting staff. We will write a custom essay sample on One week from date or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Agreed support: Active participation Weekly food shop will choose the day, the shop and what I would like to purchase. Cooking session will choose the cooking session and which ones I would like to attend. This table below is a table produced by me and Chloe. It is agreed I will fill out en of these at the end of every cooking session and every weekly shop.What went well/what did you enjoy What didnt go so well/what you didnt enjoy What you would change next time It is also agreed that support workers at the end of every session will; discuss with me about the session. Will be given positive and constructive feedback after and during activities. I will often be reminded can ask any questions as have difficulty asking for help. I have asked staff could write down notes of what she is doing SSL finds it difficult to write. Risks: Have you made any choices in this plan that will increase chance of risk.

transfers of technology from the developing wolrd essays

transfers of technology from the developing wolrd essays In an era where human progress is soaring at a dizzying rate, society must adapt its technology to solve current world issues. In a world where the Internet, cell phones and notebook computers are becoming a necessity for everyday living, we often forget about those who still suffer attempting to meet their basic needs, including clean water, food and health care. It is time for the developed world to use their technology to help those who can not help themselves. By using these technologies there will be advances in medical services, a new economy based on the Internet, emerging information technologies and new methods for the farming and industrial sectors. More importantly, these technologies will provide the education and knowledge for these people to become prosperous nations that can fend for themselves and provide for their people. Transfers of technology from the developed world to the developing world will improve the standard of living, increase efficiency in production and become a base for economic growth, without this transfer these countries will fall further into poverty and economic ruin, with little hope for survival. For most people of the developed world, the developing world is not something they concern themselves with; they do not see it everyday and therefore it does not exist. This could not be farther from the truth. The developing world is in need of help but the developed world constantly turns a blind eye. Our current love affair with technology may provide the answer for underdeveloped nations problems. The standard of living is so low in these countries that our everyday conveniences are a struggle for the entire population to obtain. If the developed nations could meet these base needs, these countries may be able to overcome their current problems. The first issue that must be dealt with is the unsatisfactory health care and medical technology. If the developed world could send excess medical suppli...

Hawker Typhoon in World War II

Hawker Typhoon in World War II A troubled aircraft in its early days, the Hawker Typhoon became a critical part of the Allied air forces as World War II (1939-1945) progressed. Initially envisioned as mid- to high-altitude interceptor, early Typhoons suffered from a variety of performance issues that could not be rectified to allow it to achieve success in this role. Initially introduced as a high-speed, low-altitude interceptor in 1941, the following year the type began transitioning to ground-attack missions. Highly successful in this role, the Typhoon played a critical part in the Allied advance across Western Europe. Background In early 1937, as his previous design, the Hawker Hurricane was entering production, Sydney Camm commenced work on its successor. The chief designer at Hawker Aircraft, Camm based his new fighter around the Napier Sabre engine which was capable of around 2,200 hp. A year later, his efforts found a demand when the Air Ministry issued Specification F.18/37 which called for a fighter designed around either the Sabre or the Rolls-Royce Vulture. Concerned about the reliability of the new Sabre engine, Camm created two designs, the N and R which centered on the Napier and Rolls-Royce power plants respectively. The Napier-powered design later received the name Typhoon while the Rolls-Royce-powered aircraft was dubbed Tornado. Though the Tornado design flew first, its performance proved disappointing and the project was later cancelled. Design To accommodate Napier Sabre, the Typhoon design featured a distinctive chin-mounted radiator. Camms initial design utilized unusually thick wings which created a stable gun platform and allowed for ample fuel capacity. In constructing the fuselage, Hawker employed a mix of techniques including duralumin and steel tubes forward and a flush-riveted, semi-monocoque structure aft. The aircrafts initial armament consisted of twelve .30 cal. machine guns (Typhoon IA) but was later switched to four, belt-fed 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannon (Typhoon IB). Work on the new fighter continued after the beginning of World War II in September 1939. On February 24, 1940, the first Typhoon prototype took to skies with test pilot Philip Lucas at the controls. Development Problems Testing continued until May 9 when the prototype suffered an in-flight structural failure where the forward and rear fuselage met. Despite this, Lucas successfully landed the aircraft in a feat that later earned him the George Medal. Six days later, the Typhoon program suffered a setback when Lord Beaverbrook, Minister of Aircraft Production, proclaimed that wartime production should focus on the Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire, Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley, Bristol Blenheim, and Vickers Wellington. Due to the delays imposed by this decision, a second Typhoon prototype did not fly until May 3, 1941. In flight testing, the Typhoon failed to live up to Hawkers expectations. Imagined as a mid- to high-altitude interceptor, its performance fell off quickly above 20,000 feet and Napier Sabre continued to prove unreliable. Hawker Typhoon - Specifications General Length: 31 ft., 11.5 in.Wingspan: 41 ft., 7 in.Height: 15 ft., 4 in.Wing Area: 279 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 8,840 lbs.Loaded Weight: 11,400 lbs.Maximum Takeoff Weight: 13,250 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Maximum Speed: 412 mphRange: 510 milesRate of Climb: 2,740 ft./min.Service Ceiling: 35,200 ft.Power Plant: Napier Sabre IIA, IIB or IIC liquid-cooled H-24 piston engine each​ Armament 4 Ãâ€" 20 mm Hispano M2 cannon8 Ãâ€" RP-3 unguided air-to-ground rockets2 Ãâ€" 500 lb. or 2 Ãâ€" 1,000 lb. bombs Problems Continue Despite these problems, the Typhoon was rushed into production that summer following the appearance of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 which quickly proved superior to the Spitfire Mk.V. As Hawkers plants were operating at near capacity, construction of the Typhoon was delegated to Gloster. Entering service with Nos. 56 and 609 Squadrons that fall, the Typhoon soon mounted a poor track record with several aircraft lost to structural failures and unknown causes. These issues were made worse by the seepage of carbon monoxide fumes into the cockpit. With the aircrafts future again under threat, Hawker spent much of 1942 working to improve the aircraft. Testing found that a problematic joint could lead to the Typhoons tail tearing away during flight. This was fixed by reinforcing the area with steel plates. In addition, as the Typhoons profile was similar to the Fw 190, it was the victim of several friendly fire incidents. To rectify this, the type was painted with high visibility black and white stripes under the wings. Early Combat In combat, the Typhoon proved effective in countering the Fw 190 particularly at lower altitudes. As a result, the Royal Air Force began mounting standing patrols of Typhoons along the southern coast of Britain. While many remained skeptical of the Typhoon, some, such as Squadron Leader Roland Beamont, recognized its merits and championed the type due to its speed and toughness. After testing at Boscombe Down in mid-1942, the Typhoon was cleared to carry two 500 lb. bombs. Subsequent experiments saw this doubled to two 1,000 lb. bombs a year later. As result, bomb-equipped Typhoons began reaching frontline squadrons in September 1942. Nicknamed Bombphoons, these aircraft began striking targets across the English Channel. An Unexpected Role Excelling in this role, the Typhoon soon saw the mounting of additional armor around the engine and cockpit as well as the installation of drop tanks to allow it to penetrate further into enemy territory. As operational squadrons honed their ground attack skills during 1943, efforts were made to incorporate RP3 rockets into the aircrafts arsenal. These proved successful and in September the first rocket-equipped Typhoons appeared. Capable of carrying eight RP3 rockets, this type of Typhoon soon became the backbone of the RAFs Second Tactical Air Force. Though the aircraft could switch between rockets and bombs, squadrons were typically specialized in one or the other to simplify supply lines. In early 1944, Typhoon squadrons commenced attacks against German communications and transportation targets in northwest Europe as a precursor to the Allied invasion. Ground Attack As the new Hawker Tempest fighter arrived on scene, the Typhoon was largely transitioned to the ground attack role. With the landing of Allied troops in Normandy on June 6, Typhoon squadrons began providing close support. RAF forward air controllers traveled with the ground forces and were able to call in Typhoon air support from squadrons loitering in the area. Striking with bombs, rockets, and cannon fire, Typhoon attacks had a debilitating effect on enemy morale. Playing a key role in the Normandy Campaign, the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, later singled out the contributions the Typhoon made to the Allied victory. Shifting to bases in France, the Typhoon continued to provide support as Allied forces raced east. Later Service In December 1944, Typhoons helped turn the tide during the Battle of Bulge and mounted countless raids against German armored forces. As spring 1945 began, the aircraft provided support during Operation Varsity as Allied airborne forces landing east of the Rhine. In the wars final days, Typhoons sank the merchant vessels Cap Arcona, Thielbeck, and Deutschland in the Baltic Sea. Unknown to the RAF, Cap Arcona carried around 5,000 prisoners taken from German concentration camps. With the end of the war, the Typhoon was quickly retired from service with the RAF. During the course of its career, 3,317 Typhoons were built.

Response paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Response paper - Assignment Example However, the main cause of the decline of the empire can be attributed to what experts call Hypertrophy. The empire was busy crushing potential rivals. In the end, the empire had no money to finance wars or pay armies. Eventually, the empire could not protect itself from external attacks. Couple this with the fact that the cities produced nothing; all production was left for rural people. In fact the government was providing financial incentives and entertainment for urban dwellers to quell instances of revolts. Therefore, the urbanites ate free bread from government and spent all their time watching games and plays; without paying taxes. After the collapse of the Roman Empire under barbaric tribes from Germany, the church became heavily dependent on the barbarians. As Europe was under the barbaric rule, King Charles or Charlemagne became the executive rule of the new empire. Under his leadership and of Pope Gregory, many barbarians were converted to Christianity. Ironically, the church became more barbaric and as the culture deteriorated, so were the morals of the clergy. Bishops had slaves and concubines and practiced perverted sexual fantasies. They also wore swords and mils, which they used to dispose the poor of their wives and possessions. They were licentious and drunkards who preached the exact opposite of their actions. During Gregory‘s papal reign, violence, torture and corruption was the order of the day. The only reprieve for people were the saints who selflessly came to their aid. The saints had supernatural powers and could heal the sick. Many people therefore ran to them. Saints were subsequently persecuted with the exception of few powerful saints like Saint Martin who were feared by the emperor. While there was extreme corruption both physically and spiritually, the dark ages also marked a time of prosperity especially in northern Europe. Better means of farming had been